Suicide in Counseling - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1449 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Suicide Essay Did you like this example? Client suicide is one of the greatest fears of all counselors. Suicide prevention is a difficult and commonly avoided area of counseling. Client confidentiality is of utmost importance, but when a client indicates that he or she may be suicidal, counselors have a duty to report this to family members and authorities. Contrary to common belief, there are several effective suicide treatments for adolescents and adults. Using these techniques, first counselors must help clients out of the actively suicidal state, and then they must help the client develop the skills needed to create and uphold lives worth living (Meyers, 2017). Clients may be asked to sign a No-Suicide contract or a Commitment to Treatment contract. These can be helpful in certain instances, but if the counselor-client relationship is strained or new, clients can feel as though they are being made to sign the contract to shift moral blame away from the therapist in the event of a tragedy, although the contract is in no way legally binding. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 24 year-olds (Canady, 2017). Seventy-one percent of psychotherapists report having at least one client who has attempted suicide, and twenty-eight percent of psychotherapists report having had at least one client die by suicide (Firestone, 2018). It is an unfortunately common event that most practitioners will experience in their careers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Suicide in Counseling" essay for you Create order For most counselors, an ethical dilemma is apparent when they encounter a confounding situation in which they feel hindered in their decision making because there appears to be conflict between or inconsistency among the ethical standards, the situation is so compounded that the ethical codes offer unhelpful guidance, there appears to be a discrepancy between ethical and legal standards, or there appears to be a conflict between the moral principles that underlie most ethical codes. If the correct route to take in a counselling situation is unclear, the ACAs ethical decision-making model may need to be employed (Forester-Miller Davis, 2018). When making an ethical clinical decision it is essential to consider both personal bias (ACA, 2014, A.4.b) and level of professional competence (ACA, 2014, C.2.a) A 30-year-old client named John decides to speak to a counselor because he has been feeling down. His thirtieth birthday was a month ago, and since then he has been overwhelmed with the feeling that he is not where he expected to be at this point in his life. He married young and has been divorced for five years. He is estranged from his parents and he does not have any siblings. He did not complete college and complains about his unrewarding and tiresome job. He lives alone and struggles to find a healthy balance for his life, saying that he usually only works, comes home, drinks, and watches TV before falling into a restless sleep, repeating the cycle weekly. He mentions that he enjoyed hunting, but he can no longer find the will to do even what he enjoys. He does not explicitly mention thoughts of suicide, but he shows many of the warning signs. He states that he feels as though his current life is pointless and unimportant. John shows signs of isolation and feelings of worthlessness. He has not expressed true a desire to improve his life, only that there may be a problem, putting him in the contemplation stage of change. He has taken the first step of attending counseling, but he does not seem as though he will continue attending counseling long-term. His love of hunting indicates that he has access to firearms. Studies have shown that when there are no firearms in a household, there are fewer suicide deaths. John lives in a rural area, where it has been shown that suicide attempts are more often successful than in urban areas (Westefeld, Gann, Lustgarten, and Yeates, 2016). John also has a high rate of alcohol consumption which is a factor in 50% of suicides (Firestone, 2018). The mind of a suicidal person is working against itself. A part of the client wants to live, while another part is self-destructive. All suicides have elements of both planning and of spontaneity. Therefore, therapists must act quickly and precisely if suicidal thoughts are suspected or stated. There are many thought patterns common in suicidal clients including self-hatred, hopelessness, isolation and pushing away loved ones, feeling like a misfit, and feeling like a burden. There are also many common behaviors like past suicide attempt(s), sleeplessness, anxiety and agitation, rage outbursts and low problem tolerance, risky behavior, alcohol use, sudden positive shift in mood, and any direct talk of suicide related behavior (Firestone, 2018). The stakeholders and main decision-makers in this situation should be a collaborative effort between the client and the counselor. If the counselor is still unsure of what to do or feels that the client is being untruthful or flawed in his ass essment of himself, the counselor can talk with other counselors for a second or third opinion on the plan of action. John should be encouraged to continue counseling. The counselor does not want to hurt Johns already weakened sense of pride by suggesting that he may be suicidal, but neither does she want to avoid a life-threatening possibility. John does not have family who could be alerted or friends nearby. The only people who could offer him support are his co-workers. It would be a breach in confidentiality to alert them, however (Ethical, 2018). The counselor fears that John is not expressing his suicidal thoughts for fear of the consequences laid out in the informed consent agreement. John is in a high risk demographic group because he is male, white, and unmarried, but this is also an extremely high false positive group (Fowler, 2012). If a client is thought to be suicidal, the best course of action is to ask the client directly, difficult as this may be. John should be asked to sign a commitment to treatment agreement. This could encourage him to take the counseling process seriously and could assist in his symptom improvement. John appears to be suffering from depression. He could be referred to a doctor for an antidepressant. He should be encouraged to exercise, eat well, and drink less alcohol; all mood and energy boosters. Exercise could help improve his quality of sleep. If he had family nearby, they might be able to assist in removing the guns from Johns home and providing him with support. John has been asked to put his firearms in a remote location that he does not have immediate access to, but John has denied the request, citing his need for protection in the event of a burglary although he lives in a very safe area of the country. This is also an indicator that he is unreasonably paranoid, a warning sign for suicide. The only other option is to alert authorities, but this could make John turn away from counseling completely and send him deeper into his depression (Westefeld et al., 2016). In the first session with John, a relatively high-risk client, I would assess his current suicide risk. Next I would communicate my intent to understand more about his life and what makes living difficult for him. Lastly, I would ask John if he would be willing to negotiate treatment options and make a plan for managing his well-being, immediate risk removal, and symptom improvement. Suicidal states are often triggered by unbearably painful emotions associated with feeling abandoned, alone, alienated, and disconnected, all of which John is experiencing. In those most vulnerable to suicide, the capacity to think clearly and flexibly collapses, and suicide emerges as a means of escaping unbearable pain. Treatments that focus on restoring the capacity to reflect on strong emotions, and to weather affective storms are emerging as highly effective in reducing the occurrence of suicide-related behaviors. Techniques aimed at improving tolerance for, and improved modulation of, intense affe ct include radical acceptance, mindfulness acceptance, insight-oriented interpretation, and mentalizing, to name a few. In my practice I use all elements to fit the needs of the patients but rely heavily on enhancing the patients curiosity about their emotions because suicidal patients like Esther are nearly phobic of negative emotions. The most accurate predictor of suicide is past suicide attempts (. John has denied ever attempting suicide before. Clients presenting for treatment with active suicidal ideation and intent must be assessed for risk. As a new counselor or counselor in training, I would probably conduct a formal suicide interview. Fowler (2012) says it is best to communicate interest in the clients suffering and to invite them to speak openly about their struggles. Counselors should work to understand the clients reasoning for wanting death and aim to create a sufficient empathic reply to their internal pain in the form of marked mirroring.

Animal Cruelty Essay - 1535 Words

Renà © Descartes, a famous philosopher, once argued that, â€Å"animals are not sentient- they are machines, like mechanical clocks, devoid of feelings and incapable of experiencing pleasure or pain† (Vaughn). Today, unlike Descartes, most people believe that animals are intrinsically or instrumentally valuable, also, whether they have or deserve any rights. Defining what cruelty is has been very subjective. To some people. An animal is just property and they can beat it around as much as they want, to others, animals are part of their family and they would never lay a finger on them. There is legislation against animal cruelty but because there is so much subjectivity, the legislation fails to deter people from abusing their animals. For there†¦show more content†¦They just do not see that as being animal cruelty. Most people believe that it is wrong to be cruel to animals. Within different societies, animals are treated differently. Depending on how and or where a person was raised, an animal could be a loved pet that is part of their family, or they could just treat it as property and a tool that is just there for their personal use. According to Ohio law if a person owns a dog then it is considered a companion animal, no matter if it is kept in their residential dwelling or not. IN one situation the owner keeps their dog in their house and it is a part of the family. They treat their dog like a baby, petting, playing, and cuddling with it. In another situation the owner keeps their fog outside and uses it as a watchdog. The only interaction with the dog is just checking to make sure it has food and water, and maybe a quick pat on the head, and gives it a â€Å"good dog† praise. It is quite easy to see that he first person loves their dog. It is not so easy to tell in the second situation. They may truly love their dog and that was how they were raised to treat it. They could also have emotional attachments to the dog, such as being proud, without really caring about the dog. Kind of like my dog is bigger than your dog pride. Within the law both situations are considered equal, even though they are unequal in the emotional attachment to their animals. Living inShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And The Prevention Of Cruelty1434 Words   |  6 PagesPrevention of Cruelty to Animals, better known as the ASPCA is a non profit organization that focuses on preventing animal cruelty. The mission of the ASPCA is â€Å"to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals throughout the United States† (ASPCA). Animal cruelty and neglect are huge problems in the United States, therefore organizations such as the ASPCA are needed to start the process of prevention. 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As a society we have come to see animal cruelty as a heinous crime, and that’s great progress. However, not everyone is following the notion. Animal cruelty is still very prevalent, and sadly its abhorrent results are often neglected and overlooked. Although it isn’t always to the same extent of atrocious consequencesRead MoreThe Cruelty Of Animals And Animal Abusers Lie Behind The Curtain1499 Words   |  6 PagesAnimals have shown their love throughout history to humans and we have shown ours. The love of animals is broad and unlimited, but humans continue to abuse their pets and destroy their loyalty. Why do people do this? Why do humans demolish animals lives? The answer lies behind the curtain. The curtain in which animal abusers lie behind. An impenetrable curtain that law reinforcement cannot take the cruel men out of. Try as they might, the abomination continues. 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Discussing Jaws Essay Example For Students

Discussing Jaws Essay Jaws is a 1975 thriller film directed by Steven Spielsperg. The film is based on a novel wrote by Peter Benchley called stillness in the water. The film itself is based on a giant Great White Shark browsing and attacking innocent people on Amity island on the week of fourth of July, this certain week is when a vast amount of tourists from all over America gather to celebrate when America went independent from the British Empire. The filming effects of this film is really effective because it helps tension build up in the audience by using different camera angles, when the shark is going to attack its victim it uses point of view angles (P. O. V), the certain angle builds up tension by letting us see how and who the shark is going to attack, also it doesnt let us see the shark, that builds up abit more tension because we dont know what shark it is and how big it is, another way Spielsperg builds tension is the music made by john Williams when it plays as the shark is getting closer on attacking its prey, it starts of slow an quiet gradually getting louder and faster then stops when its just about to attack its victim. Another angle used is the medium shot mainly used in the second attack showing all the different people the shark could attack. The first attack involves a young woman called Chrissie Jones who is having a beach party in the early morning. She goes out for a swim with a man who is clearly drunk. The man doesnt go in the water but Chrissie does. While in the water she is pulled under by an unseen predator which turned out to be the shark. The next morning Chrissie is discovered by Chief Brody played by Roy Schneider. After this attack he decides to close the beaches but shortly overruled by the towns Mayor (Mayor Vaughn) because he is afraid that discovery of a shark attack will ruin the profit and tourism of Fourth of July. The medical examiner claims to chief Brody that this was no shark attack it was simply a boat accident but chief Brody will not stand by that thought. Later In the day a second attack occurred on the Beach of Amity Island. A young boy called Alex Kintner went in the water on a Lillo but when he goes out the camera shows all the opportunities that the shark can attack. Also we are fooled by the film creating fake tension for example the woman screaming in the water but it is actually her boyfriend and the old man that comes up in a black swimming hat making it look like the sharks fin, this all happens when chief Brody is talking to someone but the chief just looks straight through him and keeps his mind targeted on the water. Eventually after all the fake tension camera angles go on the point of view angles this is showing the sharks angle and where its attacking which is the young boy on the Lillo everyone on shore sees the attack and there is an immediate rush to get all the children playing and the adults out of the water as quick as possible but chief Brody doesnt go in the water because he doesnt like it. After the tension has died down the mother of Alex Kintner comes screaming Alex, where are you etc then breaks down into tears when the remains of the Lillo is washed up.

Models Of Political Ideology Essays - Political Philosophy

Models of Political Ideology Political ideology in American Society can get a little confusing. This is due partially to the fact that the most commonly used model to explain political ideology is too simple. The linear model, as it is sometimes called, puts the ideological spectrum on a straight line. This model often leaves researcher's wondering about ideologies because it ties groups together that may have absolutely different ideas. Also, the linear model does not perfectly predict each point. A better way to explain the ideological spectrum is with the square model. This model puts the ideological spectrum in five dimensions, giving it a better representation of the ideological spectrum. First, however, to explain the importance of the square model verses the linear model, the understanding of the different elements involved in these models must be explained. There are five main elements/political philosophies in most American political ideology models: left-liberal, right-conservative, authoritarian, libertarian, and moderate. The first, left-liberals, believe in governing themselves on personal matters, but they want government to control economics. The left-liberals "want government to serve the disadvantaged in the name of fairness. Leftists tolerate social diversity, but work for economic equality" (Libertarian 1). The opposite of the left-liberals is the right-conservatives. This group believes in free-markets with government putting a check on personal freedom. "Right-conservatives prefer self-government on economic issues, but want official standards in personal matters. They want the government to defend the community from threats to its moral fiber" (Libertarian 1). The next group is the libertarians. The libertarians want little government help or control. "Libertarians are self-governors in both personal and economic matters. They believe government's only purpose is to protect people from coercion and violence. They value individual responsibility, and tolerate economic and social diversity" (Libertarian 1). The opposite of the libertarian is the authoritarian. Authoritarians believe that government should have control, that people should get equality through government. "Authoritarians want government to advance society and individuals through expert central planning. They often doubt whether self-government is practical. Left-authoritarians are also called socialists, while fascists are right-authoritarians" (Libertarian 2). The last main group and probably the largest are the moderates. The moderates are the mediators, and they often accept new ideas about how things should be ran. "Moderates favor selective government intervention and emphasize practical solutions to current problems. They tend to keep an open mind on new issues. Many moderates feel that government serves as a check on excessive lib erty" (Libertarian 1). In definition these five elements to the ideological spectrum sound simple, but when you start to place them in a model to things begin to get blurred up. The first model discussed was the linear model. The linear model is good at showing the difference between two opposites, but gets extremely difficult when discussing four different categories. To start, when placing left-liberal and right-conservative on the linear model it is obvious that left-liberal will go on the left side and right-conservative will go on the right. Then it is also fair to say that the moderates are somewhere in the middle. The problem, however, is when another element is added such as libertarians. Libertarians can not go in the middle because that is where the moderates are. Libertarians, also, can not go on the left or right because they are equally connected to both conservatives and liberals. The liberals believe in social freedom just like the libertarians, but the liberals do not believe in economic freedom like the libertarians. And just the opposite, the conservatives believe in economic freedom like the libertarians, but do not believe in social freed om like the libertarians. So, where should the libertarians be placed on the linear model? They cannot be, despite undying measures used to place them somewhere. Also the same problem arises when the authoritarians are placed on the model. Then another problem arises, authoritarians and libertarians are not equal, yet it on a linear model they both must be placed in the same spot. This spot of course is where the confusion arises. It is that the libertarians and authoritarians either do not get placed on the linear model or they are incorrectly placed with the conservatives being connected to the right authoritarians and libertarians

Juvenile Drug Courts essays

Juvenile Drug Courts essays Drug Courts came about as a result of a backlogged court system and a steady, rapidly increasing prison population. Drug courts are a form of diversion that helps the offender through rehabilitation and the community through an increased sense of protection, which serves the best interest of everyone. Drug Courts are community based intermediate sanctions that incorporate treatment principles into the Criminal Justice System and divert drug offenders from traditional punishments of probation and prison. The objective of drug courts programs is to treat the underlying problems of addiction among drug offenders and eliminate participants future drug use and crime (Cresswell, Deschenes, 2001, 259). Drug courts came about as a result of the 1980s war on drugs where all levels of government came together to crack down on an epidemic of crack-cocaine use that had society believing that drugs were the main problem of the criminal justice system (Burdon, Roll, Prendergast, the number of adults arrested for drug-related violations increased 273% between 1980 and 1995, in the same period, the percentage of prisoners in the custody of state correctional authorities for drug offenses increased from 6.4% to 22.7% (Burdon et al. 2001). With this rate of increase in drug offenses going through the courts system, something had to be done to manage the large number of cases that were only related to drugs. In the beginning, drug courts were only used to alleviate the overcrowding in the court system and paid no attention to treating the offender or their drug problem. In 1989, Janet Reno and Timothy Murray began a drug court program in Dade County, Florida that became a prototype for the nation (Listwan, Sch...

How to Create and Use Hashes in Ruby

How to Create and Use Hashes in Ruby Arrays are not the only way to manage collections of variables in Ruby. Another type of collection of variables is the hash, also called an associative array. A hash is like an array in that its a variable that stores other variables. However, a hash is unlike an array in that the stored variables are not stored in any particular order, and they are retrieved with a key instead of by their position in the collection. Create a Hash With Key/Value Pairs A hash is useful to store what are called key/value pairs. A key/value pair has an identifier to signify which variable of the hash you want to access and a variable to store in that position in the hash. For example, a teacher might store a students grades in a hash. Bobs grade would be accessed in a hash by the key Bob and the variable stored at that location would be Bobs grade. A hash variable can be created the same way as an array variable. The simplest method is to create an empty hash object and fill it with key/value pairs. Note that the index operator is used, but the students name is used instead of a number.​​ Remember that hashes are unordered, meaning there is no defined beginning or end as there is in an array. So, you cannot append to a hash. Values are simply inserted into the hash using the index operator. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades Hash.newgrades[Bob] 82grades[Jim] 94grades[Billy] 58puts grades[Jim] Hash Literals Just like arrays, hashes can be created with hash literals. Hash literals use the curly braces instead of square brackets and the key value pairs are joined by . For example, a hash with a single key/value pair of Bob/84 would look like this: { Bob 84 }. Additional key/value pairs can be added to the hash literal by separating them with commas. In the following example, a hash is created with the grades for a number of students. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades { Bob 82,Jim 94,Billy 58}puts grades[Jim] Accessing Variables in the Hash There may be times when you must access each variable in the hash. You can still loop over the variables in the hash using the each loop, though it wont work the same way as using the each loop with array variables. Because a hash is unordered, the order in which each will loop over the key/value pairs may not be the same as the order in which you inserted them. In this example, a hash of grades will be looped over and printed. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades { Bob 82,Jim 94,Billy 58}grades.each do|name,grade|puts #{name}: #{grade}end

Answering the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11250 words

Answering the questions - Assignment Example 3. It is extremely difficult to precisely define religion because there are several counterexamples posed. Diverse authors have provided various features of religion in their definitions. The feature of religion to express the complete reality of goodness in all aspects of living has been proposed by F.H. Bradley. On the other hand, C.P. Tiele has explained religion as the pure and authentic reverent disposition which is present in the mind frame and known as piety. 4. The working definition is that religion is constituted by a set of beliefs, actions and experiences, both personal and corporate, organized around a concept of an Ultimate Reality. Their definition is not satisfactory because a given religion, with its preferred attitudes and emotions, its prescribed rituals, its important stories and myths and its recommended way of life can never be fully understood. 5. Beliefs are truth claims or statements which are accepted to be true. In a particular sense, all religious have the ir bases in beliefs. The five basic areas of beliefs are as follows: a) Humans find themselves in a predicament b) Humans need a way to resolve the predicament c) There is an existence of a transcendent being which assists humans or is the very objective of existence d) This â€Å"something† can be approached or known in a particular manner e) Something must be done by human to achieve liberation or salvation 6. Philosophy of religion is the attempt to analyze and critically evaluate religious beliefs. This is mainly because philosophy is the study of beliefs and religious philosophy tries to evaluate the diverse beliefs on which religions are based. Religious philosophers try to seek answers to religious beliefs in determining whether they are consistent and coherent. Critical questions are raised as to whether religious beliefs are plausible, probable, meaningful and true. The twentieth century witnessed an advent of religious philosophers to be influenced by analogy. Thus, religious philosophy may also be referred to the study trying to analyze and clarify significant arguments and concepts. 7. a. The editors have an approach to critically review the diverse religious beliefs by trying to and clarify significant arguments and concepts. b. The issue in the discussion of â€Å"the God of the philosophers† and â€Å"the God of faith† is that rigorous intellectual investigation has nothing to offer to devout faith. 8. The unreflective persons are those who have not made a serious attempt to reflect on the grounds of opinions. On the other hand reflective persons are those who responsibly look at all relevant arguments, clarify key ideas and carefully trace the implications of beliefs. 9. The three points of a philosopher of religion is to try and think critically about the issues related to the theistic concept of God, respect serious and responsible thought despite the outcome and respecting the rational process demands that the points rec ognize the stance of philosophers of religion on significant issues. Assignment 1. A â€Å"person-relative view of proof† means that the argument should be sound with accurate premises and a valid conclusion should be drawn from the premises. A person should know the argument to be sound for it to function as a proof. The role of proof helps in extending knowledge and this

Regression Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Regression Analysis - Research Paper Example It may also direct the researcher to other relevant and useful research studies. According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR) (2014) offenses such as motor vehicle theft, burglary, arson and larceny are all described as property crimes. All except arson involves the theft of money or property. In the case of arson, it represents damage to property. Motor vehicle theft and burglary are the two main property crimes of special interest because they are serious, prevalent and reliably measured by the FBI (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Additionally, only 32% of larcenies are reported compared to more than 50% of burglaries (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Several reasons are given for the difference in reporting rates and included among them is the requirement to report for insurance purposes. An important source of heterogeneity associated with the theft of motor vehicles is that a large proportion is stolen for joyriding as opposed to economic gain. The trends in crime statistics in the United States show a 16.3% decline in property crimes for the period 2004 to 2013 (FBI). In fact, burglary has been on a steady rate of decline since 1980 (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). An explanation for this might be increase in sanctions in relation to burglary which makes it less attractive than robbery. In terms of motor vehicle theft the trend which changed n the 1990’from one of an increase in rate per thousand changed to a decline. This trend is still continuing (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). The theft of motor vehicles has been associated with the era of crack when they were stolen to trade for drugs and later to prevent their own motor vehicles from confiscation. In order to reliably forecast the property crime rate several factors have been assessed through various studies. Several

Dells Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Dells Supply Chain Management Essay The term supply chain management (SCM) was initially used in wholesaling and retailing to denote the integration of logistics and physical distribution functions with the goal of reducing delivery lead times. Manufacturers and service providers have used the same term to describe integration and partnership efforts with first- and second- tier suppliers to reduce cost and improve quality and delivery timing. Terms such as integrated purchasing strategy, integrated logistics, supplier integration, value chain management, supply base management, strategic supplier alliances, lean production, Just-In-Time (JIT) logistics, and supply chain synchronization have been used in the literature to address certain elements or stages of this new management philosophy (1998; 1994). Conceptually, SCM includes all value-adding activities from the extraction of raw materials through the transformation processes and through delivery to the end user. SCM spans organizational boundaries and treats the organizations within the value chain as a unified virtual business entity (1991; 1995). (1995) further expanded SCM to include recycling or reuse activities. In general, SCM seeks improved performance through elimination of waste and better use of internal and external supplier capabilities and technologies (1996). The retailing industry has focused on different aspects of SCM, namely, location, transportation, and logistics issues. Indeed, the origin of supply chain management can be traced back to efforts to better manage the transportation and logistics functions (1997; 1995; 1994; 1993; 1991; 1987). The wholesaling and retailing industries incorporate a logistics focus within their strategic decisions. In this respect, SCM is synonymous with integrated logistics systems that control the movement of goods from the suppliers to end customers without waste (1991). Moreover, integrated logistics systems seek to manage inventories through close relationships with suppliers and transportation, distribution, and delivery services. A goal is to replace inventory with frequent communication and sophisticated information systems to provide visibility and coordination. In this way, merchandise can be replenished quickly in small lot size and arrive where and when it is needed (1994; 1993). Firms that use advanced process technology to increase flexibility and involve manufacturing managers in strategic decision making alter the role of logistics in firm success (1998). A supply chain can reduce overall inventory while maximizing customer service by efficiently redistributing stock within the supply chain using effective postponement and speculation strategies (1998; 1993; 1991). New logistics technology gives businesses a complex way to make things easier for their customers and suppliers. Within logistics industry, Dell’s system is recognized as one that takes advantage of technology to decrease storage and increase efficiency. The computer companys supply and shipping networks exemplify the latest trend in logistics, that is, visibility. Companies with the money and foresight are making sure their inventories can be traced and tracked throughout their entire logistical operations, even if their systems are entirely outsourced. Executing a supply chain with full visibility gives companies better information to work with and a more agile system. Dell has a better control of their operation which has reduced safety stocks and has operate faster to get cash-to-cash conversion cycles. By producing custom products at a rapid pace, the computer manufacturer receives payments from customer before it pays suppliers. Companies can do this only if there’s a short window between receiving an order and shipping it. In addition, Dells customers can also keep track of their order status. They can trace their computer as is moves through assembly and testing, and can track its shipment due to the technology of major shipping companies. The pulse of Dells execution effort centers on increasing business velocity and eliminating waste. Dell employees are constantly focused on driving down backlogs, promoting best practices, and creating synergies among adjacent processes as seen in cross-functional initiatives such as the design-for-manufacturability effort between manufacturing and RD. This initiative successfully promoted product designs that are easier to assemble. In 1994, Dell was a struggling second-tier PC maker. Like many others, the company ordered its components in advance and manufactured to inventory. Then Dell began to implement a new business model. It converted its operations to a build-to-order process, eliminated its inventories through a just-in-time system, and sold its products directly to consumers. Dell carefully targeted corporate relationship customers that had predictable, budgeted needs and that wanted a pre-determined set of product models. The company also selected individual customers who were high-end, repeat purchasers with a preference for early technology adoption. Both account segments had the stable, predictable purchase patterns that Dell needed to make its joint build-product-to-order/buy-component-to-plan system work. In connection with this, Dell developed a set of new operations capabilities in five crucial areas (2005). First, it created the flawless make-to-order system that has been widely noted. Secondly, Dell worked at length to build an effective supplier management function in order to shorten component lead times and maintain the absolute quality standards required by the just-in-time operation. Third, Dell developed the sell what you have system that was essential to matching supply and demand. Fourth, it instituted an extraordinarily crisp set of product life cycle management capabilities that yielded great cost reductions and strategic advantage. Fifth, the company worked with its suppliers to shorten their product life cycles, extending the Dell business model to the whole channel. Together these operating capabilities formed a cornerstone for Dells business model. Moreover, to maintain its rapid growth, Dell needs to hone its just-in-time process. Dell believes that the key to JIT is integrating with the suppliers into its operation. It is important for the company to work with the suppliers to figure out how to minimize the supply chain and hold the least amount of inventory in it. Inventory can add costs, damage quality, slow production, and wreak havoc with Dells rapid response reputation. To guard against this, Dell has optimized its supply base and developed a tightly run system in which it pulls parts from suppliers just as they are needed for production. Dell has manufacturing facilities in Austin; Limerick, Ireland; and Penang, Malaysia, each of which produces PCs on a JIT basis. In order to ensure the smooth flow of production supplies into these plants, Dell has developed a two-tiered strategy that employs different sourcing arrangements and delivery schedules for custom and commodity parts. When Dell receives an order for a PC, it faxes or phones its requirements to suppliers who pick the proper parts and pack them in reusable bins with kanban cards attached. Trucks on a continuous loop between suppliers and Dell, known as a milk run, deliver the sorted parts to the computer makers plant for final assembly. This process frees Dell from having to manage inventories and the costs associated with them. However, Dell has made efforts to ensure that suppliers dont get stuck with much inventory. The computer maker allows suppliers to participate in a revolver program, where they can sell parts stored at the warehouse to other customers. In comparison with Dell’s supply chain management, Baxter, a hospital supply company, developed a powerful new type of partnership with its hospital customers. Baxter develops a strategy which is the vendor-managed inventory system, then called the Stockless System in managing its customer’s inventories within their hospital facilities (2001). The hospital specifies its stock requirements for each ward; an on-site Baxter employee counts the stock in each ward each day or every few days; the employee enters this information into a hand-held device and transmits it to Baxters warehouse, where a replenishment order is derived; at the warehouse, the order is picked into ward-specific containers; that order is delivered the next day or in a few days directly to the ward, and the Baxter employee puts the stock away; finally, Baxter invoices the hospital. Baxters Stockless System created a powerful new channel that changed the ground rules for all other hospital supply compani es. However, in the long run, the shift to service competition led to significant sales increases as conversions to Baxter products naturally occurred. The company also gained significant first-mover advantage as it tied up key accounts with this new channel. In the case of Procter and Gamble (PG), the company first partnered with Wal-Mart to develop a pioneering continuous replenishment system. Through this system, PG replenishes Wal-Marts facilities without purchase orders based on the retailers product movement data. Based on this experience, PG systematically shifted its strategic focus toward supply chain-based service innovationand in the process transformed both the consumer products and retail industries. PG also developed a careful account selection plan as part of an innovative product supply model. The company developed operating partnerships with major customers capable of linking electronically, taking full-truckload deliveries, and engaging in joint business process reorganization programs. Smaller accounts were shifted to master distributors, which in turn were selected for their ability to partner effectively with PG. PG, for its part, developed operations capabilities in two key areas ( 2001). First, it created a sweeping new set of industry-change programs such as ECR (efficient consumer response), CRP (customer requirements planning), and streamlined logistics. These programs required a solid new understanding of channel economics and the impact of supply chain innovation. Second, the company developed sophisticated IT ties to coordinate its product flow, enabling it to raise service levels to meet the needs of the new system. With regards with Dell’s, supply chain competency of the company comprises of four qualities which includes demand management, internal collaboration, leveraging partners, and financial fundamentals (2004). Dells direct model enables the company to excel at demand management. The process of selling directly to customers and building product to order creates opportunities for true real-time collaboration and synchronization between manufacturing and sales. By being in direct contact with the market, Dell can quickly see changes in customer demand. Synchronization allows Dell to respond more quickly to customer demand than its competitors can. Additionally, this true internal collaboration allows for highly accurate forecasts. Another key aspect of Dells success is its ability to collaborate internally. This competency is driven by a culture that values information sharing and empowers all employees. At Dell, direct refers not only to how the company sells but also to how team members communicate and attack issues (2004). Moreover, Dells culture and processes not only help the company collaborate internally but also help it leverage its business partners. Dell leverages its partners by linking suppliers planning and execution activities with Dells systems. The company uses information technology to gather and share a constant stream of data on supply and demand trends. On the supply side, Dell gathers real-time information about the inventory levels of its suppliers at various positions in the supply chain. Finally, Dells entire supply chain is focused on fundamental business performance. Operating margin and not just profits or growth rate is the number that Dell cares about most to ensure long-term profitability. Dell Inc.s renowned direct sales model is regularly cited as the key reason for its overall competitive prowess. At Dell, supply chain management is truly viewed as a strategic capability; it drives coordination with, and in many instances it includes, activities such as marketing, sales, finance, and information technology.

Eulogy for Son :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Son It has become immensely clear to me that words cannot adequately or sufficiently describe the meaning and value of Michael's short life. However, I have a compelling need to tell you of the things you already know about Michael. From my perspective as his father, I can say that I am so very proud of Michael; not because he studied and worked hard in school as I wanted--he didn't; not because he attained great awards as I wanted--he didn't achieve these either. Michael found his own direction and accomplished more meaningful things in his short life. Maybe God took him because he already touched more hearts than most of us can touch in a full lifetime. In only 19 years he has touched the hearts of all here and many who could not be here. Our hearts are so sad now because Michael had made them so glad. Michael made us smile and Michael made us laugh. His many many friends will universally attest to that! As Al noted, "The love you take is equal to the love you make and Michael sure mad e a lot!" Not only did he reach a hand of friendship to us, but he extended it halfway around the world to Novomoscovsk, Russia. Because of Michael, our sorrow is shared by a Russian family; a family who also has three sons and with whom we continue to enjoy a close friendship. I am sorry his adopted Russian brother, Alec with whom Michael shared a year of school, fishing and fun, cannot be here with us today. However, I am so glad that Kris, Al, Dan and Laurel are here. Michael was our middle child and was the glue that held us close. To Kris, Michael was her little brother whom she helped raise and take care of; who grew up to advise her of what clothing looked best when she was in doubt; and who habitually stole her clean socks, a pair of which he is wearing now. To Al, whose school pals have moved away, Michael simply became his best friend and closest companion. For Dan, whom Michael watched over, protected, understood and loved for his uniqueness; together they shared a common interest i n computers which Michael had sparked and fostered. He was Daniel's teacher and mentor. To Laurel, Michael was her idol whom she deeply loved and admired.

Lord of the Flies Setting

Bader al Issaei January 24, 13 Lord of the Flies The author Sir William Golding created the story Lord of the Flies. This author uses the setting to develop the main theme of the story. The setting did really create the theme of the story and without it Piggy could have lived. Without this setting the whole story could have changed because it story can be in a camp or in London or even their country. Then the whole story in that case will change.To add to that, there might not be a problem or a lord of the flies. There were a lot of settings he could have chosen but he only chose one, which is the island. He chose where to put the conch and he chose to put a castle rock, and he also chose where to put lord of the flies and what the weather will be. The writer of this story created many ways for using the setting, one general way is the geography of the island, he chose the island, witch I don’t think is a real island in the Pacific Ocean I think he created it, and this island changed the humanity of the boys.In the beginning of the story we are introduced to the creepers, while Piggy was following Ralph we found out that Piggy has asthma. Ralph goes to the beach and finds a bathing pool. So like a normal boy he jumps in the bathing pool but Piggy can’t swim because of the asthma he has. Piggy tests the water, and it was warm. Then we find out that Ralph can swim because his dad is a commander in the navy and he taught him. Piggy’s mom and dad are dead and he lives with his aunt.Then, Ralph found a conch and blew it to call the others so he was voted as chief, he told the others if they want to talk they have to hold the conch. Now the conch became an important symbol in the story and it symbolizes order. In the end of the first chapter Ralph, Jack and Simon discover that it is an island and that there are pigs. Ralph wanted to make a fire but the first one was not under control and burned a big part of the island. The second fire was the si gnal fire and it was on top of the mountain so it is in the center of the island.Now the fire symbolizes the rescue. William Golding chose an atomic war and above these boys at night there was a plane battle, in the meantime the twins where taking watch of the fire. Suddenly a dead Pilate was ejected from the plane and the twins thought that it was the beast. Jack, Ralph and the hunters went to see the beast and discovered the castle rock. It is the place that symbolizes savagery and the place where they killed Piggy, also known in the unfriendly part of the island. When Ralph, Jack and Roger saw the beast at night they ran letting others believe in the beast.Castle rock is now the place for the hunters and littluns and their chief is Jack. Without the Pigs there won’t be any hunter and it would be more peaceful, they could have just eaten fruit. The castle rock is a very rocky place with a lot of sunlight and heat, and that is not a perfect place to live in. It is the opposi te from Simon’s nature place even the author said â€Å"Flower and fruit grew together on the same tree and everywhere was a scent of ripeness and booming of a million bees at pasture. Page 61,W. Golding. The writer cut the island into two sides, an unfriendly side and the friendly side. For example when Simon dies the writer says: â€Å"The water rose further and dressed Simon’s coarse hair with brightness† Page 180W. Golding. He said this because he died in the friendly side. Piggy, in the other hand, died in the unfriendly side of the island, the writer said: â€Å"the rock stuck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments†. Page 212 W.Golding, so that didn’t seam as a fun sight. You can find the difference now with the two places. To add to that, Ralph was rescued when he came to the friendly side. William Golding added to the geography of the island a thicket next to the castle rock, and it was not put by accident, he did it so that Ralph would hide in it, but because it was in the unfriendly side Jack burned the whole island to get him out, he did and then got rescued. If you notice there are only one beach and the rest are cliffs.I think that the beach symbolizes something, which is the tribe’s home. They even have shelters in there and a bathing pool right next to the platform. Also, the writer putted the Lord of the Flies next to Simon’s mat as borders of the friendly side and the unfriendly. That is why Simon was confident when he went up to the mountain also he could have left the parachutist on top of the mountain as a proof that there is no beast. Sir William Golding is a smart writer because he has made a map in his head that really reacted to the whole story.This story mostly talks about the darkness inside the humans and how a war can happen, more over how the civilization could have started. The island took away all the humanity in them forcing th em to act like savages. The whole island could have won the war yet no one did; even the leaders of these two tribes still hate each othe r. The person who created this map wanted that war to happen and wanted Ralph to survive. God created the Earth’s map and I am sure he created it for a reason. Word count: 1,010 words Lord of the Flies Setting Bader al Issaei January 24, 13 Lord of the Flies The author Sir William Golding created the story Lord of the Flies. This author uses the setting to develop the main theme of the story. The setting did really create the theme of the story and without it Piggy could have lived. Without this setting the whole story could have changed because it story can be in a camp or in London or even their country. Then the whole story in that case will change.To add to that, there might not be a problem or a lord of the flies. There were a lot of settings he could have chosen but he only chose one, which is the island. He chose where to put the conch and he chose to put a castle rock, and he also chose where to put lord of the flies and what the weather will be. The writer of this story created many ways for using the setting, one general way is the geography of the island, he chose the island, witch I don’t think is a real island in the Pacific Ocean I think he created it, and this island changed the humanity of the boys.In the beginning of the story we are introduced to the creepers, while Piggy was following Ralph we found out that Piggy has asthma. Ralph goes to the beach and finds a bathing pool. So like a normal boy he jumps in the bathing pool but Piggy can’t swim because of the asthma he has. Piggy tests the water, and it was warm. Then we find out that Ralph can swim because his dad is a commander in the navy and he taught him. Piggy’s mom and dad are dead and he lives with his aunt.Then, Ralph found a conch and blew it to call the others so he was voted as chief, he told the others if they want to talk they have to hold the conch. Now the conch became an important symbol in the story and it symbolizes order. In the end of the first chapter Ralph, Jack and Simon discover that it is an island and that there are pigs. Ralph wanted to make a fire but the first one was not under control and burned a big part of the island. The second fire was the si gnal fire and it was on top of the mountain so it is in the center of the island.Now the fire symbolizes the rescue. William Golding chose an atomic war and above these boys at night there was a plane battle, in the meantime the twins where taking watch of the fire. Suddenly a dead Pilate was ejected from the plane and the twins thought that it was the beast. Jack, Ralph and the hunters went to see the beast and discovered the castle rock. It is the place that symbolizes savagery and the place where they killed Piggy, also known in the unfriendly part of the island. When Ralph, Jack and Roger saw the beast at night they ran letting others believe in the beast.Castle rock is now the place for the hunters and littluns and their chief is Jack. Without the Pigs there won’t be any hunter and it would be more peaceful, they could have just eaten fruit. The castle rock is a very rocky place with a lot of sunlight and heat, and that is not a perfect place to live in. It is the opposi te from Simon’s nature place even the author said â€Å"Flower and fruit grew together on the same tree and everywhere was a scent of ripeness and booming of a million bees at pasture. Page 61,W. Golding. The writer cut the island into two sides, an unfriendly side and the friendly side. For example when Simon dies the writer says: â€Å"The water rose further and dressed Simon’s coarse hair with brightness† Page 180W. Golding. He said this because he died in the friendly side. Piggy, in the other hand, died in the unfriendly side of the island, the writer said: â€Å"the rock stuck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments†. Page 212 W.Golding, so that didn’t seam as a fun sight. You can find the difference now with the two places. To add to that, Ralph was rescued when he came to the friendly side. William Golding added to the geography of the island a thicket next to the castle rock, and it was not put by accident, he did it so that Ralph would hide in it, but because it was in the unfriendly side Jack burned the whole island to get him out, he did and then got rescued. If you notice there are only one beach and the rest are cliffs.I think that the beach symbolizes something, which is the tribe’s home. They even have shelters in there and a bathing pool right next to the platform. Also, the writer putted the Lord of the Flies next to Simon’s mat as borders of the friendly side and the unfriendly. That is why Simon was confident when he went up to the mountain also he could have left the parachutist on top of the mountain as a proof that there is no beast. Sir William Golding is a smart writer because he has made a map in his head that really reacted to the whole story.This story mostly talks about the darkness inside the humans and how a war can happen, more over how the civilization could have started. The island took away all the humanity in them forcing th em to act like savages. The whole island could have won the war yet no one did; even the leaders of these two tribes still hate each othe r. The person who created this map wanted that war to happen and wanted Ralph to survive. God created the Earth’s map and I am sure he created it for a reason. Word count: 1,010 words

Extended Definiton of Emo

Frances Louise Y. GarayFinal Draft of Extended Definition Paper 11048492 A57 â€Å"Emo† â€Å"I wish my lawn mower was emo so it would cut itself. † Isn’t the word â€Å"emo† now a very familiar word to refer a person who is feeling gloomy, heartbroken and depressed? Nowadays, the word â€Å"emo† is used as an adjective to describe a person who cuts himself or a person who feels depressed whenever the rain is pouring hard and stares at it while listening to some emotional songs or â€Å"senti† songs.Emo is an abbreviation of â€Å"emotional hardcore† that originated in the mid-1980’s from the hardcore puck movement of Washington, D. C. Emo is a style of rock music typically characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive, often confessional lyrics. Emo, in modern time, used to describe people who are depressed and cut themselves. Emo is a young person who is considered to be over-emotional or stereotypically emo. The word à ¢â‚¬Å"emo† actually means a s something of a put-down for the kids who really like â€Å"Rites of Spring† and â€Å"Indian Summer† (Emo bands).The word â€Å"emo† is now used to describe people who have fashion like side bangs, tight pants, wearing black or sweater vest, chains and spiky bracelets. Emo people usually wear dark clothes and tight pants. However, happy people are usually seen wearing and light-colored clothes. In addition, a happy person has an aura of an uplifting, cheerful and happy-go-lucky type of person. They also have an aura that makes you comfortable and delightful. Unlike an emo person, it can give you a bad feeling, weird and pessimistic type of person when you see them.In terms of attitude, an emo person is usually depressed, emotional, dramatic, sensitive, expressive and heartbroken. They are also always feeling insecure and in pain. They have low self-esteem and they are anti-social. In contrast, a happy person has an attitude of being an optimistic, smiling, open-minded, jolly, confident and sociable type of person. Emo’s confessional lyrics are the reasons why people used the word â€Å"emo† to describe a person who is being dramatic, emotional and expressive to what they feel.Because of the lyrics of the song about the pain they felt and it should be expressed, it encouraged teenagers to cut themselves. It also encouraged them to become a loner and lose their ego because of their problems to other people. Lastly, it encouraged them to have a fashion trend of wearing black clothes and punk hairstyles because of the emo bands that made this fashion trend famous. Emo is a style of rock music typically characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive often confessional lyrics.The word â€Å"emo† is now used to describe people who are wearing dark clothes and tight pants, emotional and pessimistic kind of person. Because of this, it encouraged them to be different in society, to be a loser and to cut themselves. The word emo helped us in defining things around us. Instead of saying that person looks so depressed or is being so sad, we can just say ‘he’s just being emo today. ’ Though words can change its meaning overtime, it still, somehow contain the same thought of how the word was first used.

Complex Hunters and Gatherers

Complex Hunters and Gatherers The term complex hunter-gatherers (CHG) is a fairly new term that attempts to correct some ill-conceived notions of how people in the past organized their lives. Anthropologists traditionally defined hunter-gatherers as human populations that lived (and live) in small groups and that are highly mobile, following and subsisting on the seasonal cycle of plants and animals. Key Takeaways: Complex Hunter-Gatherers (CHG) Like general hunter-gathers, complex hunter-gatherers do not practice agriculture or pastoralism.They can achieve the same levels of social complexity including technology, settlement practices, and social hierarchy as agricultural groups.As a result, some archaeologists believe agriculture should be seen as less a significant characteristic of complexity than others. In the 1970s, however, anthropologists and archaeologists realized that many groups who subsisted on hunting and gathering around the world did not fit the rigid stereotype into which they were put. For these societies, recognized in many parts of the world, anthropologists use the term â€Å"Complex Hunter-Gatherers.† In North America, the most well-known example is the prehistoric Northwest Coast groups on the North American continent. Why Complex? Complex hunter-gatherers, also known as affluent foragers, have a subsistence, economic and social organization far more â€Å"complex† and interdependent than generalized hunter-gatherers. The two types are similar: they base their economies without relying on domesticated plants and animals. Here are some of the differences: Mobility: Complex hunter-gatherers live in the same place for most of the year, or even for longer periods, in contrast to generalized hunter-gatherers who stay in one place for shorter periods and move around a lot.Economy: Complex hunter-gatherers subsistence involves a large amount of food storage, whereas simple hunter-gatherers usually consume their food as soon as they harvest it. For example, among Northwest Coast populations, storage involved both meat and fish desiccation as well as creating social bonds that allowed them to have access to resources from other environments.Households: Complex hunter-gatherers don’t live in small and mobile camps, but in long-term, organized households and villages. These are also clearly visible archaeologically. On the Northwest Coast, households were shared by 30 to 100 people.Resources: Complex hunter-gatherers do not harvest only what is available around them, they focus on gathering specific and very productive food products and combining them with other, secondary resources. For example, in the Northwest Coast subsistence was based on salmon, but also other fish and mollusks and in smaller amounts on the forest products. Furthermore, salmon processing through desiccation involved the work of many people at the same time. Technology: Both generalized and complex hunter-gatherers tend to have sophisticated tools. Complex hunter-gatherers don’t need to have light and portable objects, therefore they can invest more energy in larger and specialized tools to fish, hunt, harvest. Northwest Coast populations, for example, constructed large boats and canoes, nets, spears and harpoons, carving tools and desiccation devices.Population: In North America, complex hunter-gatherers had larger populations than small size agricultural villages. Northwest Coast had among the highest population rate of North America. Villages size spanned between 100 and more than 2000 people.Social hierarchy: complex hunter-gatherers had social hierarchies  and even inherited leadership roles. These positions included prestige, social status, and sometimes power. Northwest Coast populations had two social classes: slaves and free people. Free people were divided into chiefs and elite, a lower noble group, and commoners, who were free people with no titles and therefore with no access to leadership positions. Slaves were mostly war captives. Gender was also an important social category. Noble women had often high-rank status. Finally, social status was expressed through material and immaterial elements, such as luxury goods, jewels, rich textiles, but also feasts and ceremonies. Distinguishing Complexity The term complexity is a culturally weighted one: There are about a dozen characteristics that anthropologists and archaeologists use to measure or approximate the level of sophistication achieved by a given society in the past or the present. The more research people have undertaken, and the more enlightened they become, the fuzzier the categories grow, and the whole idea of measuring complexity has become challenging. One argument made by American archaeologist Jeanne Arnold and colleagues has been that one of those long-defined characteristics- the domestication of plants and animals- should no longer be the defining complexity, that complex hunter-gatherers can develop many more important indicators of complexity without agriculture. Instead, Arnold and her colleagues propose seven platforms of social dynamics to identify complexity: Agency and authoritySocial differentiationParticipation in communal eventsOrganization of productionLabor obligationsArticulation of ecology and subsistenceTerritoriality and ownership Selected Sources Ames, Kenneth M. The Northwest Coast: Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Ecology, and Social Evolution. Annual Review of Anthropology 23.1 (1994): 209–29. Print.Ames Kenneth M. and Herbert D.G. Maschner. Peoples of the Northwest Coast. Their Archaeology and Prehistory. London: Thames and Hudson, 1999.Arnold, Jeanne E. Credit Where Credit Is Due: The History of the Chumash Oceangoing Plank Canoe. American Antiquity 72.2 (2007): 196-209. Print.Arnold, Jeanne E., et al. Entrenched Disbelief: Complex Hunter-Gatherers and the Case for Inclusive Cultural Evolutionary Thinking. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 23.2 (2016): 448–99. Print.Buonasera, Tammy Y. More Than Acorns and Small Seeds: A Diachronic Analysis of Mortuary Associated Ground Stone from the South San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32.2 (2013): 190–211. Print.Killion, Thomas W. Nonagricultural Cultivation and Social Complexity. Current Anthropology 54.5 (2013): 596–606. Print.Maher, Lisa A., Tobias Richter, and Jay T. Stock. The Pre-Natufian Epipaleolithic: Long-Term Behavioral Trends in the Levant. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 21.2 (2012): 69–81. Print. Sassaman, Kenneth E. Complex Hunter-Gatherers in Evolution and History: A North American Perspective. Journal of Archaeological Research 12.3 (2004): 227–80. Print.

Quotations From Enders Game by Orson Scott Card

Quotations From 'Ender's Game' by Orson Scott Card Enders Game is a science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card, who was inspired by Isaac Asimovs Foundation series. Enders Game centers on Andrew Ender Wiggin, a young boy who is being trained to become a leader in the war against an alien race. The story first appeared as a novella, which Card expanded into a series of books. The book has become suggested reading for those thinking of entering the military. Here are a few quotes from the novel. Chapter 1 And there are doubts about him. Hes too malleable. Too willing to submerge himself in someone elses will. It was not his fault he was a Third. It was the governments idea, they were the ones who authorized it - how else could a Third like Ender have got into school? I could kill you like this, Peter whispered. Just press and press until youre dead. Chapter 2 And do you know why you dont mean it? Valentine asked. Because you want to be in the government someday. you want to be elected. And they wont elect you if your opponents can dig up the fact that your brother and sister died in suspicious accidents... Youre his monitor now, said Peter. You better watch him day and night. Chapter 3 Knocking him down won the first fight. I wanted to win all the next ones, too. So theyd leave me alone. It was what I was born for, isnt it? If I dont go, why am I alive? Chapter 4 With Ender, we have to strike a delicate balance. Isolate him enough that he remains creativeotherwise, hell adopt the systems here and well lose him. At the same time, we need to make sure he keeps a strong ability to lead. Were going to make him the best military commander in history. And then put the fate of the world on his shoulders. Chapter 5 Make friends. Be a leader. Kiss butts if you have to, but if the other guys despise you-you know what I mean? Enders isolation was over. Chapter 6 Im a murderer, even when I play. Peter would be proud of me. Chapter 7 Whatever it meant to Alai, Ender knew that it was sacred; that he had uncovered himself for Ender. It set her apart, made her different, split the army. Its Wiggin. You know, that smart-ass Launchie from the game room. the adults are the enemies, not the other armies. They do not tell us the truth. Enders anger was cold, and he could use it. Bonzos was hot, so it used him. If you want, Ill pretend you won this argument. Then tomorrow you can tell me you changed your mind. Chapter 8 Listen, Ender, commanders have just as much authority as you let them have. The more you obey, the more power they have over you. Its the teachers, theyre the enemy. They get us to fight each other, to hate each other. This game knows too much about me. This game tells filthy lies. I am not Peter. I dont have murder in my heart. Chapter 9 Well, Im the bloody bastard you wanted when you had me spawned. What do you tell him, I need citizens access so I can take over the world? She was one of them now. Chapter 10 It was a strategy. Graff had deliberately set him up to be separate from the other boys, made it impossible for him to be close to them. And with that anger, he decided he was strong enough to defeat them- the teachers, his enemies. Chapter 11 You want to make me the best soldier possible. Go down and look at the standings. Look at the all-time standings. So far youre doing an excellent job with me. Congratulations. Now when are you going to put me up against a good army? The teachers got me into this-they can keep me safe. Chapter 12 Ender Wiggin must believe that no matter what happens, no adult will ever, ever step in to help him in any way. Dont be alone. Ever. -Dink. I cant help that Im bigger than you. Youre such a genius, you figure out how to handle me. Chapter 13 it only works because whats between you, thats real, that matters. We are the Third Invasion. Chapter 14 From now on the enemy is more clever than you. From now on the enemy is stronger than you. From now on you are always about to lose. You will learn to defeat the enemy. Strange dreams are a safety valve, Ender. Im putting you under a little pressure for the first time in your life. Chapter 15 And always Ender carried with him a dry white cocoon, looking for a place where the hive-queen could awaken and thrive in peace. He looked a long time. Source Seiler, Edward. Isaac Asimov Home Page. Asimov Online.

The Impact of Nursing Shortage upon the Healthcare Industry Research Paper

The Impact of Nursing Shortage upon the Healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example Different studies were conducted in the past concerning the possible causes of the increasing shortage of nurses and the impact on the quality of health services provided to the patients. This research will intend to gather the opinions of nurses and doctors with respect to the surging pressure resulting from the declining numbers of nurses. It becomes evident that the number of nurses offering care to patients is declining over time for various reasons. Some of these reasons include low salaries accorded to nurses, and the increasing requirements of nursing practice. Other researchers have attributed the decline to the lack of favorable working conditions, the rising demands of aged people requiring health care, and availability of other career options. The research hopes to rely on data collected from 85 participants who will describe their opinions as answers to the questionnaires. For this research to be a success, there is the need for the researcher to determine specific method s that will be used in evaluating the data collected from filled-in online questionnaires. Data evaluation involves both the process of collection and that of analysis (Blunch, 2008). SPSS is one of the software products available in the market, which is critical in analyzing data from questionnaires. It has the potential to analyze and validate data from questionnaires, so it will be the data collection method used in this search. Since SPSS can analyze multivariate factors, it has a lot of validity as an effective tool in this research. I will expect data highlighting different factors, and I can rely on it to analyze the various responses from participants in my research. Reliability and validity. Three procedures in data evaluation will be used and include metadata preparation, data validation, and model preparation (Boswell & Cannon, 2011). The use of SPSS will offer a level of integration between validity and reliability as the tool helps the researcher analyze data effectivel y irrespective of how many variables exist. The SPSS software enables readers and other related parties to be certain of the undertaken research and gleaned information. Therefore, it is essentially a reliable and valid tool to deliver updated information concerning health issues and ascertaining the extent to which some of those issues may be hibernating to cause an unprecedented harm. The approach is reliable in aiding researchers to acquire certainty in medical and nursing procedures, thus ensuring validity of the accrued findings. It is a valid tool to guarantee accuracy and evidently proven researches. The essence is that the software diminishes any chances of perforation of information and data while enabling researchers to engage in advanced experiments to solve vital health issues. The coefficient values will be also calculated using SPSS. This explains why this tool will be of immense help in this research. The fact that SPSS can assist in performing all these tasks proves its reliability and validity. After data evaluation, the researcher will come up with graphical representations of the results and correlation values making it easy to draw conclusions (Polit & Beck, 2013). The software guarantees the safekeeping of data in different versions and ease in accessibility. Therefore, it is the most

St. Peter's Basillica (Designed by Bramante) Term Paper

St. Peter's Basillica (Designed by Bramante) - Term Paper Example In the early years of the fourth century, the emperor Constantine planned to build a basilica and dedicate it to Saint Peter. The building was to be located on the Vatican Hill that lies on the south part of the river. The project was a difficult one as the location was on the sloping part of the hill. The floor was projecting outside, being away from the hill. After the basilica was built, it was wonderfully adorned with marble and bronze outside and mosaics and gold inside. As the Basilica was located at an odd site, people started feeling that beneath the basilica lie the buried body of St. Peter. People felt that Emperor Constantine decided to build the basilica on that location because St Peter’s body was buried there. In the sixteenth century, Emperor Constantine’s basilica began to fall off. The basilica was therefore demolished in the year 1425. Only the floor of the basilica was preserved. Popes, kings and artists very soon designed a new plan of the basilica t o be dedicated for St. Peter. Nicholas V, in 1450, took the initiative for the gigantic task. Very soon he came up with a plan that was ten times larger than the imagination of anybody else. The new proposed Basilica would have a large dome kept above the central Greek Cross. The dome would be a great architectural achievement of the celebrated Renaissance arts. Several years after the construction Nicholas V recognized that in order to make it the best, best architects should be hired for the work. He welcomed artists to share their ideas. St. Peter’s Basilica is the perfect example of architectural beauty. Nicholas V entrusted the architectural work to Bernardo Rossellino. His plans were to add to the existing church. The idea was cancelled later. In the late years of the fifteenth century, Pope Sixtus IV began the construction of Sistine Chapel, near to the site. St Peter’s Basilica was fully rebuilt in the sixteenth Century. The building work was started in 1506, a dding to the existing building. This work was under Pope Julius II. The work got completed almost hundred years later in the year 1615. Pope Paul V was the pope in that period. The highly complex construction activity of the church was named as Fabbrica di San Pietro’. Innumerable renaissance architects were involved in the great assignment of church construction. The first chief architect of St. Peter’s Basilica construction was Donato  Bramante. Michelangelo remained as the main architect of the building for a certain period. His is credited with the role of the designer of the dome. Bernini designed the famous St. Peter’s Square. St. Peter’s Basilica  or ‘Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano (the Italian name of the Basilica) is the holiest and most admired Christian sites. It is the largest church building, with a length of 220 meters and breadth 150 meters. The church can hold more than sixty thousand people. The marvelous architecture of the basilica got its legacy from the Renaissance and Baroque style of architecture. It was deemed as one of the biggest buildings of its period. The basilica is believed to be situation in the site where Apostle Peter was crucified and buried. Basilica is therefore considered to be over the tomb. The tomb is believed to be under the main altar. The shrine of Apostle Peter in the basilica is one of the chief focuses of the buildings. The tombs of other popes that are buried in the church are also visible. The elliptical St. Peter's

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men Research Paper

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men - Research Paper Example Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men The problem of prejudice and the difficulty faced by the jurors in decision making process is still an unresolved problem in the global context. In the beginning, most of the jurors were against the culprit. In the end, all the jurors came to know that their decision is based upon their personal opinions on the immigrant population. My personal opinion/reflection on the film 12 Angry Men is divided into three sections: prejudice, racial supremacy, and misuse of law. Prejudice I am of the opinion that the director made use of the protagonist (the immigrant boy, probably from Puerto Rican Island) to unmask the depth of prejudice against immigrants in America. I believe that prejudice based upon racial and cultural identity is an important problem faced by a member who belongs to an immigrant community. If we are not from an immigrant community, there exists less possibility to have deeper understanding on this problem. Within this context, the director makes use of the protagonist as a medium to express his opinion on the problem faced by immigrants. In the beginning of the film, the jury, which consists of 12 members, does not show any particular interest in the emotional trauma faced by the boy. Biskind (2001) made clear that, â€Å"In the view of the strong case against the defendant, it is not too surprising that the jury’s first straw vote comes out 11 to 1 for conviction† (p.11). ... So, in my opinion, the film portrays how prejudice affects the smooth functioning of law and order in a modern society. Racial superiority I think racial superiority is a myth based upon false opinion, not upon fact. The elite class in the society considers that their status in the society is indebted to their racial identity. But one cannot prove that racial identity determines one’s superiority over others. So, I am totally against racial superiority. One of the factors which attracted me towards this film is the director’s attempt to expose that racial superiority is a myth. In the film, the boy is the victim of racial superiority/racial supremacy. For instance, most of the members of the jury are white middle class men. Still, all the members are from different layers of the society. Most of them do not try to allow the boy to prove his innocence. On the other side, juror 8, an architect by profession, is not ready to act against the boy. Later, some of the jurors l ike Juror 5 and Juror 11 decide to change their opinion. Still, Juror 3’s wavering nature hinders the jury members to have a unanimous decision. In the film, most of the jury members are not aware of their role in decision making process because they act according to the false beliefs in the society. One can see that most of the jury members are middle aged and their personal opinions on the immigrants deeply influence their decisions. So, the film helped me to know more about the problem of prejudice based upon racial superiority. Misuse of law I consider this film as an eye-opener to those who believe that death penalty can reduce crime in the society. On the other side, law is misused to victimize innocent individuals who are not

Islamic Architecture in India

Islamic Architecture in India Introduction India is vast in culture and traditions, nature, religions, languages rich with historical monuments with vernacular architectures. Taj Mahal is one such wonderous monument structures built by ShahJahan as tomb in memory of his adored wife, Mumtaj Mahal. Taj Mahal is renowned for its glorious Indo-Islamic architectural presence in style, shape, color, location of the monument and material used to construct it. It is one of the eighth wonder of worlds famous monuments and appreciated by its visitors interests for their insight into its culture, time and history of the monument. Therefore, Taj Mahal architecture can be renowned as the largest model combination of the derivative of Byzantine, Persian, Indian and Islamic architecture. The Indo-Islamic architecture takes live in form with the slave dynasty in India. It is credited to Mughal dynasty in Pakistan and India, the field of arts and architecture who gave special care to raise historical monuments in India. The earliest monuments what we find in India are the recycled material of the existing Jain, Buddha and Hindu monuments. The Islamic architecture was then fostered by the Delhi Sultanate and achieved excellence by the Mughal contributions. The Background of Islamic Architecture in India The Persian dynasties dating back to 500 BCE has seen many Islamic faith dynasties. Throughout the ruling dynasties, Persia (modern Iran) has modeled as center for many art, architecture, poetry and philosophy. Persia is well known for its trade since pre-historic times. The Silk Route acts as bridge between distant lands for trade, religious and material culture. The business also spread to main lands of central Asia, including Armenia, Georgia, and India. Persia has also seen developmental fronts in architecture which spread many Asian countries as did business too. The climate, the influence of people, available material, religious purpose and peripheral cultures, and patrons also played a important role in the development of architecture (Mehraby).The magnificent architectural buildings take inspiration from the landscape, snow-capped mountains, valleys, and wide shining plains which conceived and accomplished novel ideas for building artifacts while mountains serve both physical and mental sources of inspirations in Iranian architecture.Thus, Beauty is regarded divine for ancient Persian civilizations. The Architectural Intentions of the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal traces its architecture as rooted with Islamic conjectures. Though the Persian or the Islamic civilization was not the first to concentrate their architecture on religious themes, it was a strong feature among Byzantine architects. The Byzantine Architecture records the religious buildings and their designs as achievements of the Byzantine Empire. The most remarkable example at Constantinople is Hagia Sophia, a Christian church at Constantinople (the present Istanbul) is a massive and ornamental church represents the glory of the Byzantine Empire. The architectural intentions also note the power factor in Islamic architecture. The Islamic dynasties believe in spreading Islam and glorify to God by articulating through mosques, unmatching historical monuments and palaces of excellent beauty. To achieve this, they desire and acquire power to patronage architecture. The Islamic architecture spread as far as Egypt and North Africa, Spain, and Persia. Then, they developed their unique style by combining the arts of the Byzantines, the Copts, the Romans, and the Sassanids. This unique style specializes in fusing the native design elements with imported ones. Taj Mahal suffices this stance. The memories of Mumtaj Mahal are spread all over the world symbolizing his love for her. The uniqueness of this monument is its dome structure which is feature of Byzantine architecture. The abstract designs are noteworthy of Persian architecture, the floral designs and painting goes to Safavid style, the location of the building is also an important factor which totally reiterates the presence of chief Persian architecture. Communicating spirituality is yet another perspective attributed to Islamic Architecture. This perspective has been practiced among sages, philosophers, poets, and spiritual masters of Islamic countries. The disciple of proliferating Islamic law through the pursuit of knowledge, reflections on reality of nature beyond appearance, disciplined prayer is also reflected on their architecture. The stone flowers of the Taj Mahal gives a picture of realism fascinating the visitor with their grace and colorful freshness, (Okado and Joshi). The Taj Mahals mention to paradise can be seen in the motif of flowers carved on the funerary chambers of the mausoleum, as well as on the plinths of the inner iwan, where flowers and roses symbolize the Kingdom of Allah, (Bin and Rasdi). The Byzantines architecture also followed similar organizing principles. Whereas the Christian religious worship place and its design corresponds to the religion. Therefore, symbolism also played a significant role in the evolution of the form of the monuments. During the Byzantine period the Church itself became a symbol of the faith. The master piece of Indo-Islamic Architectural style, the beauty of the Taj Mahal, inspires numerous artists from all over the world. To this, Okada and Joshi (1993) relates to the four canals to the four rivers of Paradise referred in the Holy Quran. The symbolic nature of the garden and the canals at Taj Mahal is considered the funereal nature of the monument and the Quran inscription located on the southern entrance wall of the main Gate gives undeniable credibility to the comparison of the Taj Mahal with the Garden of Paradise, this inscription says: (It will be said to the pious): O (you) the one in (complete) rest and satisfaction! Come back to your Lord, well-pleased (yourself) and well-pleasing unto him! Enter you, then, among My honored slaves, And enter you My Paradise! The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Fajr: 89:27-30 Therefore, it is notable to see the students of Islamic architecture enduring Taj Mahal as an incomparable monument in Persian origin. The Architecture, Structure of Taj Mahal The Byzantine and Islamic architecture share a common style of architecture, the dome. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is in response to the Islamic architecture which shows the influence of Byzantine architecture imparted as the dome style passed on to the Islamic architecture. It is also known as Persian dome. Today, it is called the Onion Dome. This architecture advancement of the use of dome is accredited formed a new style in global architecture. The most celebrated example is the Taj Mahal (A.D. 1630) built by Mughal Dynasty in India. But, this is not new to Indian architecture. The well known Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi, India 4th to 1st century BCE is a commemorative monument associated with preserving sacred relics. Not only these, the Mauryan kingdom (c. 321-185 BCE) in India also fortify their cities with Stupas, Viharas, and temples were constructed, (Kumar). The Taj Mahal consists of sixteen chambers, eight chambers each on two levels that contain the octagonal funerary chamber overcome by a surbased inner dome. The funerary chamber consists of the tombs of Mumtaj Mahal and Shah Jahan together, adorned by a baluster of delicately perforated marble and studded with semiprecious stones, (Okado and Joshi). Persians focused their efforts on reviewing their architecture in barrel vaulting, crenallated roofs, conical squinches, big bricks, oval arches and different designed brick work or now and again platerworks over bricks. Though the architecture is traced to 3000 years, the design elements of Persian architecture like high-arched portal set within a recess, columns with bracket capitals, columned porch or talar, a dome on four arches, a vast ovoid arch in the entrance, a four iwan courtyard, early towers reaching up toward the sky, an interior court and pool, an angled entrance and extensive decorations display their distinctive structural designs, (Mehraby). The Structure The intended tomb is made of large white marble structure standing on a square plinth beam consisting of a symmetrical building with an iwan (arch-shaped doorway) presented with a large dome and finial at the top. Franà §ois Bernier noted how the centre of every arch is adorned with white marble slabs whereon are inscribed large Arabian characters in black marble. This structure styling reflects Persian architecture. The base is multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners creating an unequal octagon of approximately 55 meters on all the four long sides. On each of these sides, a massive pishtaq, or a vaulted archway, frames the iwan with two similarly shaped, arched balconies stacked on either side forming a symmetrical shape on all sides of the building. There are four minarets frame the tomb and the main chamber houses the false graves of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. The actual graves are located at a lower level. The top of the dome is fancily decorated with a lotus design. The columned bases open through the roof of the tomb and provide light to the interior. Tall decorative spires (guldastas) extend from edges of base walls, and provide visual emphasis to the height of the dome. The dome and chattris are topped by a gilded finial, which mixes traditional Persian and Hindu decorative elements, (Wiki). Even the tenure of Byzantine architecture, the discovery of pendentives and dome on pendentives changed the expertise for constructing churches and eased the procedure during the Byzantine period. The bronze make of moon and its horns pointing upwards, the heavenward in trident shape clearly indicates the mixing of Persian and Hindu decorations. The symbolic meaning can be derived as Hindu symbol of Shiva. The minarets are 40 meters tall; each minaret dividing into three equal parts by two working balconies surmounted by a chattri that mirrors the design of a lotus design topped by a gilded finial, (Wiki). The subsequent Islamic architecture in India signifies in the form of Mosques and tombs facade beautification is the main form. The evolution of the dome style as called the basic cube and hemisphere terminology in past architecture was later brought into excellence at some stage in the Mughal Period. The experts say that Taj Mahal replicates Humayuns tomb before the blueprint for Taj Mahal was formed. The best examples for the Indo-Islamic Architecture are the Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, Agra Fort, Buland Darwaza, Qutab Minar and Safdarjang Tomb. Hambly (1964) writes the architecture of Taj Mahal to be of Safavid style in his Cities of Mughal India which accounts the amazing factors of Mughal dynasty. Safavid is yet another dynasty which ruled Persia during 1499-1722 B.C.E. Safavid has great deal of finest works of metal art works like arms, armor, candle stand, helmets, drinking vessels, and wine bowls. Ruggiero notes the events during the Safavids, networks of caravansaries were constructed to facilitate transportation and promote trade since Persia was business center for many countries then, (Hambly). The calligraphy on the large pishtaq is definite work of Safavid. Anon says, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan conferred Amanat Khan title for his work for his dazzling virtuosity. This inscription from the Quran can be found underneath the interior dome are the inscription, Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi.. Not only this, the calligraphy found on the marble grave is attended in detail and delicate. Historical, Societal and Cultural Importance of Islamic Architecture Haider (2002) studies the Islamic architecture along the fourfold phenomenon activity of societal implications namely, the dwelling imperative, the functional imperative, the constructive imperative and aesthetic imperative; these principles also project our images, expectations, definitions, and critique of Islamic architecture. Functional importance of any building under this architecture marks as symbolic or a marker or an icon or a monument fundamental to uphold the longing remembrances and therefore, indicate meaning of a society. If we can cross these societal manifestations against the architectural intentions, a more focused and prolific discussion can be formed. Our study on Taj Mahal is one such productive result of these crossing. If we can view Islam as religion and as historical observable fact of power and patronage and inclined to seek the aesthetic imperative and symbolic expression in architecture, the focus is more likely on Taj Mahal. Conclusion The Mughal courts established in Pakistan and India were occupied by poets and calligraphy artists from Persia who took flight from their very little home country to fortune earning in India. The constructions what we see of Mughal dynasty is the work of these Iranians who were the special guidance of the Mughal Empire who gave attention for very detail to raise monuments for the public to praise the Islamic architecture. The Islamic architecture holds its generosity in various monuments found mostly in India. They portray their love for art and inturn to God. Their thrust to spread the fame is notable. We see every dynasty or the empire have their own set of values, cultures and traditions. These impacts are also well noticeable in their architectures. Therefore, the Islamic architecture is symbolic of the architecture they produce. Work Cited Books Amina Okada and M.C. Joshi. (1993). Taj Mahal. Abbeville press Guido Ruggiero. (2002). A companion to the worlds of the Renaissance. Wiley-Blackwell Roger Savory. (2008). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press Franà §ois Bernier (1996). Travels in the Mogul Empire 1656-1668. Asian Educational Service Raj Kumar. (2003). Essays on Indian art and architecture: History and culture series. Discovery publishing house Journal Mohamad Tajuddin Bin and Haji Mohamad Rasdi. (2008). Reconstructing the idea of Islamic architecture: restructuring the academic framework and design approach within the perspective of the Sunnah. The Journal of Architecture, 13:3(6). pp 297 315. Online Sources Mehraby, Rahman. http://www.destinationiran.com/Architecture.htm Okado and Joshi. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.html Bin and Rasdi. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.htmlAnon. The Taj Mahal. Islamic architecture. Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://www.islamicart.com/library/empires/india/taj_mahal.html. General Information about Iranian Architecture. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://www.destinationiran.com/Architecture.htm Introduction of Islamic architecture to India. Accessed on 27 Nov 2009 http://www.india9.com/i9show/Taj-Mahal-19777.htm Byzantine Architecture. Accessed on 25 Nov 2009. http://library.thinkquest.org/C005594/Medieval/byzantine.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_architecture